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Article 19(1)(a)

Freedom of speech and expression

You can share your opinions through words, art, writing or online posts.

Real life

You write a school magazine article criticising the canteen food. You cannot be punished just for the opinion.

What it means

  • Speech includes drawing, silence, dressing, and posting online.
  • It is not unlimited: the law can restrict speech that spreads hate, defames someone, or threatens public order.
  • Restrictions must be reasonable - a total ban on all criticism would not be.

Related rights

Freedom to assemble peacefullyArticle 19(1)(b)Freedom to form groupsArticle 19(1)(c)Freedom of movement and residenceArticle 19(1)(d)-(e)